Tendinopathy, Strain, or Impingement
Rotator Cuff Injuries
Rotator Cuff Injuries
Rotator cuff injuries are among the most common causes of shoulder pain, particularly in individuals who perform repetitive overhead movements — such as athletes (tennis, swimming, cricket), gym-goers, tradespeople, or even office workers with poor posture. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that surround the shoulder joint. These muscles are responsible for stabilising the shoulder and helping control precise arm movements.
Rotator cuff injuries can present in several forms:
- Tendinopathy – a degenerative condition due to overload or poor recovery
- Muscle strain – caused by sudden force or repetitive microtrauma
- Shoulder impingement – where the tendon becomes compressed or irritated during overhead movement
Common symptoms include:
- Pain when lifting the arm, especially overhead or out to the side
- Discomfort when reaching behind your back (e.g. putting on a jacket)
- Night pain, particularly when lying on the affected shoulder
- Weakness or a sense of instability during shoulder movements
- Stiffness or reduced range of motion
How physiotherapy helps:
Physiotherapy is the gold-standard treatment for Achilles tendinopathy. We start by assessing your movement patterns, calf strength, foot posture, and training history. Treatment focuses on a progressive loading programme — gradually strengthening the tendon so it can tolerate the demands of your activity.
Initial exercises usually begin with calf raises on the floor, then progress to slow, controlled eccentric heel drops off a step as tolerated. We may also address any contributing factors such as tight calves, weak glutes, or poor biomechanics. In persistent cases, shockwave therapy can be used to stimulate tendon healing and reduce pain.
Helpful tips during rehab:
- Avoid painful overhead lifting or throwing early in recovery
- Include exercises like external rotations, scapular retractions, and resisted shoulder abductions
- Focus on posture and shoulder mechanics, especially during desk work or sport
Prevention:
Regular strength training for the shoulders, upper back, and core is key. Incorporate mobility drills for the shoulders and thoracic spine, particularly if you perform repetitive or overhead tasks. Maintaining balance between strength and mobility in this region helps reduce injury risk and keeps your shoulders functioning well long-term.
If you’re experiencing shoulder discomfort or weakness, early physiotherapy intervention can speed up recovery, restore function, and prevent chronic issues from developing.